
(1)Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents’ health in the face of a serious threat. (2020年英语二)
重点词汇:
lever:n.手段;方法
available:adj.可用的
解析:该句涉及到的语法点有:介词短语作状语;定语从句;目的状语。
Step1:
结构划分:
①Local officials are using the levers ②that are available to them to safeguard residents’ health ③in the face of a serious threat.
Step2:抓主干
Local officials are using the levers.(主谓宾)
Step3:理结构
①use something to do… 使用……去……。
②“that are available to them”修饰the levers,可将其前置翻译为:对他们而言可用的方法。
③to safeguard residents’ health,目的状语,顺译即可。
④“in the face of a serious threat.”介词短语作状语用来修饰主句。
知识点补充:介词短语位于句首或句末时,一般就近修饰整句话。
初步译文:面对严重威胁,当地的官员们正使用对他们而言可用的方法去保护居民的健康。
参考译文:
面对严重威胁,地方官员正在利用现有手段保障居民的健康。
(2)Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads—are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.(2020年英语二)
重点词汇:
absence n.缺席;不存在
keep out: 禁入……
require sb to do…:要求某人去……
bring … into compliance:使……服从规定
解析:该句涉及到的语法点有:定语从句;并列结构;介词短语作定语。
Step1:
结构划分:
① Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads
② are a response to the absence of a larger effort
③ to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.
Step2:抓主干
Restrictions are a response.(主谓宾结构)
Step3:理结构
①“that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads”定语从句修饰先行词“Restrictions”,定语从句较长时,可后置翻译为:限制高污染汽车进入某些地区——市中心、学校街道、甚至个别道路。
② are a response to the absence of a larger effort
response to对……的回应。“of a larger effort”介词短语作定语修饰“absence”,即:大量努力的缺席。
③to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.
1. to do 短语作后置定语修饰effort
2. 并列结构的识别。“and”并列前后两个to do短语,即:to A and B的结构。理解为:去 适当执行现有法规 和 要求汽车公司使其车辆符合规定。
参考译文:限制高污染汽车进入某些地区、市中心、学校街道、甚至个别道路,是对没有更大力度地适当执行现有法规和要求汽车公司使其车辆符合规定的回应。
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