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0元参加新大纲解析峰会 1元了解命题依据掌握考点来源
六级阅读当中，仔细阅读分值占比极大（20%），同时考查维度上更加侧重考查考生的单词基础以及对文章中心的把握，下面以2021年12月第三套第一篇试题为例，帮助大家查漏补缺。
阅读原文
Look at the people around you. Some are passive, others more aggressive. Some work best alone, others crave companionship. We easily recognize that there is great variation among the individuals who live near us. Yet, when we speak of people from elsewhere, we seem to inevitably characterize them based on their country of origin.
Statistics specialists, when they speak of national averages, often make the same mistake.
Newly published research shows how erroneous such overviews are. Three researchers analyzed decades of values-based surveys and found that only between 16% and 21% of the variation in cultural values could be explained by differences between countries. In other words, the vast majority of what makes us culturally distinct from one another has nothing to do with our homeland.
To determine what factors really are associated with culture, the authors combined data from 558 prior surveys that each measured one or more of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. These are traits, such as individualism and masculinity, that describe work-related cultural values. (They are not a measure of visible cultural traits, such as food or dress.) Though the validity of Hofstede’s dimensions has been questioned, they have the singular benefit of having been in use for decades, which allows for historical and international comparisons.
The researchers found that both demographic factors, such as age, and environmental factors, such as long-term unemployment rates, were more correlated with cultural values than nationality. Occupation and social economic status were the most strongly correlated, suggesting that our values are more economically driven than we usually give them credit for.
The evidence implies that people with similar jobs and incomes are more culturally alike, regardless of where they live. Vas Taras, the lead author of the study, puts it this way: “Tell me how much you make and I will make a pretty accurate prediction about your cultural values. Tell me what your nationality is and I probably will make a wrong prediction.”
Taras says our erroneous belief that countries are cultures has caused businesses to teach their employees useless or even harmful ways of interacting with their international peers. Chinese and Americans lawyers might be trained to interact based on the assumption that the Chinese person is less individualistic, even though their similar social economic situations make it probable they are actually quite alike in that regard.
The country, as the unit of authority, is often a convenient way of generalizing about a population. However, our focus on countries can mask broad variations within them. In the majority of cases we would be better off identifying people by the factors that constrain their lives, like income, rather than by the lines surrounding them on a map.
单词积累
1.discourse n.论文，演说，讲道
2.take hold 占领、占据
3.dramatically adv.急剧地、戏剧性地
4.devastating adj.破坏性的
5.warehouse n.仓库
6.grocery n.商店
7.staggering adj.令人吃惊的
8.manufacturing n.制造业
9.ever-increasing adj.日益重要的
10.transformative adj.变化的、变革的
11.adverse adj.不利的、有害的
12.peril n.危险
13.futile adj.徒劳的、无用的
14.industrialization n.工业化
15.assert v.声称、断言
16.pave the way 为……铺路
17.detrimental adj.有害的
18.diminish v.削弱
全文参考翻译
看看你周围的人。有些是被动的，有些则更具主动性。有些人独自工作时表现最好，有些人渴望陪伴。我们很容易认识到住在我们附近的人之间存在很大差异。然而，当我们谈到来自其他地方的人时，我们似乎不可避免地会根据他们的原国籍来给他们分类。
统计专家在谈到全国平均水平时，也经常会犯同样的错误。
新发表的研究表明，这种概述是多么错误。三位研究人员分析了数十年的对于价值观研究的调查，发现只有 16% 到 21% 的文化价值观差异可以用国家之间的差异来解释。换句话说，使我们在文化上彼此不同的绝大多数因素与我们的祖国无关。
为了确定哪些因素真正与文化相关，这几位作者结合了之前 558 项调查的数据，每项调查都衡量了霍夫斯泰德的一个或多个文化维度。这些维度是描述与工作相关的文化价值观的特征，例如个人主义和阳刚之气。（它们不是衡量例如食物或服饰的可见文化特征的指标）尽管霍夫斯泰德维度的有效性受到质疑，但它们具有已使用数十年的独特优势，因此可以让我们进行历史和国际比较。
研究人员发现，年龄等人口因素和长期失业率等环境因素与文化价值观的相关性高于国籍。职业和社会经济地位的相关性最强，这表明我们的价值观比我们通常认为的更受经济驱动。
证据表明，拥有相似工作和收入的人在文化上更加相似，无论他们住在哪里。该研究的主要作者瓦斯·塔拉斯是这样说的：“告诉我你赚了多少钱，我会对你的文化价值观做出相当准确的预测。告诉我你的国籍，我可能会做出错误的预测。”
塔拉斯说，我们错误地认为国家是一种文化，这导致企业向员工传授与国际同行交流的无用甚至有害的方式。中国和美国的律师可能会根据中国人不是那么个人主义的假设接受培训，即使他们相似的社会经济状况使得他们在这方面很可能实际上非常相似。
国家作为权威单位，通常是概括人口的便捷方式。然而，我们对国家的关注可能掩盖了它们内部的广泛差异。在大多数情况下，我们最好通过只限于他们的生活因素（例如收入）来辨别人群，而不是通过地理划分。

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