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People often complain that plastics are too durable.
解析： 本句为复合句，其中that所引导从句为宾语从句,识别方式为位于complain动词后。翻译：人们经常抱怨塑料太坚韧了。
Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are everywhere and don’t break down easily.
解析： 本句为复合句，because引导的为原因状语从句，主句中 from...to...为介词短语作状语。翻译：因为塑料到处都是并且难以降解，水瓶，购物袋等其他垃圾遍布了全球，从珠穆朗玛峰到马里亚纳海沟。
But some plastic materials change over time.
简单句：但是一些塑料物品会随着时间而改变。
They crack and frizzle. They “weep” out additives. They melt into sludge.
三个简单句：它们会破裂和卷曲，它们会“哭泣”出添加剂，它们会融化成油泥。
All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects.
解析：本句为定语从句， 识别方式of which 为介词+which，且前为名词。Such as 为同位语解释institutions. Trying ...为分词短语做定语，修饰机构。所有这些都给博物馆等机构，带来了巨大的麻烦，它们试图保护文化上重要的物品。
The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the first artificial heart.
解析： 本句为简单句，冒号后为同位语解释说明plastic objects，at risk为介词短语作后置定语修饰plastic objects. 翻译：各种各样的塑料制品面临危险，令人眼花缭乱: 早期的收音机，前卫的雕塑，迪斯尼电影中的赛璐珞动画剧照，第一颗人造心脏。
Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable
 //because some pioneers in plastic art didn’t always know
// how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who,
//until retiring a few years ago,
//worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands.
解析：本句较为复杂需进行断句处理，断句如上。第一处为原因状语从句，第二处宾语从句，第三处插入语，第四处定语从句。一位在荷兰文化遗产机构工作了几十年直到几年前退休的聚合物化学家西亚·范·奥斯特说：“这些艺术品特别容易收到攻击，因为一些塑料艺术的先驱并不总是知道如何正确地混合原料”。
“It’s like baking a cake: If you don’t have exact amounts, it goes wrong,” she says. “The object you make is already a time bomb.”
解析：本句冒号后为前句的同位语。翻译：她说：“这就像烤蛋糕一样: 如果你没有准确的数量，就会出问题,”。“你做的东西已经是定时炸弹了”。
And sometimes, it’s not the artist’s fault.
翻译：有时候，这不是艺术家的错。
In the 1960s, the Italian artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright, colorful foam pieces.
翻译：在20世纪60年代，意大利艺术家皮克罗 · 吉拉迪，开始创作数百件色彩鲜艳的泡沫作品。
 Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen “nature carpets” —large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins, cabbages, and watermelons.
解析：破折号后为同位语解释说明nature carpets. decorated with foam pumpkins, cabbages and watermelons 为分词短语作后置定语修饰large rectangles. 翻译： 这些作品包括一小片玫瑰花坛和其他物品，以及几十块“天然地毯”——用泡沫南瓜、卷心菜和西瓜装饰的长方形大块地毯。
He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpets—which meant they had to be durable.
解析：本句which所引导的为定语从句， which在定语从句中充当主语。翻译：他希望观众在地毯上走动ーー这意味着它们必须耐用。    
Unfortunately, the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable.
翻译：不幸的是，他用的聚氨酯泡沫本身就不稳定。
It’s especially vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s, Gilardi’s pumpkins, roses, and other figures were spitting and crumbling.
解析：本句为and并列的两个并列句，前一句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。翻译：它特别容易受到轻微的破坏，到了20世纪90年代中期，吉拉迪的南瓜，玫瑰，还有其他的雕像，都被吐出来，弄碎了。
Museums locked some of them away in the dark.
翻译：博物馆把其中一些关在黑暗中。
So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardi’s sculptures.
翻译：所以范·奥斯特和她的同事，致力于保护吉拉迪的雕塑。
They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals.  
翻译：他们注入了一些稳定和固定化学物质。
Van Oosten calls those chemicals “sunscreens” because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers.
解析：本句为复合句，because引导的为原因状语从句。状语从句中有and并列的并列结构，其中并列成分为to prevent further light damage 和 （to）rebuild worn polymer fibers.翻译：范·奥斯特称这些化学物质为“防晒霜”，因为他们的目标是防止进一步的光损伤，并重建磨损的聚合物纤维。
She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again, albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.
解析：复合句，that位于情感类形容词后故为宾语从句。翻译：她感到骄傲的是，一些雕塑甚至再次展出，虽然有时会在保护壳下展出。
Despite success stories like van Oosten’s, preservation of plastics will likely get harder.
解析：复合句，despite引导让步状语从句，翻译：尽管有范·奥斯特这样的成功案例，塑料制品的保存可能会更加困难。
Old objects continue to deteriorate.
翻译：古老的物品持续恶化。
Worse, biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate, are increasingly common.
解析：designed to disintegrate 与plastics 构成被动关系故为后置定语，本句谓语为are。翻译：更糟糕的是，设计用来分解的生物降解塑料，正变得越来越普遍。
And more is at stake here than individual objects.
翻译：比起单个的物品，更多的东西处于危险中。
Joana Lia Ferreira, an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology, notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history—Stone Age, Iron Age, and so on—after examining artifacts in museums.
解析：本句较为复杂，其中n assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology 为同位语，对主语身份进行介绍，双破折号为插入语解释great material age，after为时间状语。
翻译：是在考察了博物馆中的手工艺品之后，新星科学技术学院保护与修复学助理教授乔安娜•利亚•费雷拉指出，考古学家首先确定了人类历史的伟大物质时代ーー石器时代、铁器时代等等
We now live in an age of plastic, she says, “and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve...will have a strong impact on how in the future we’ll be seen.”
解析：and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve 为两个并列的主语，how在介词后引导的为宾语从句，其中in the future 为介词短语作状语。
翻译：她说：“我们现在生活在一个塑料时代，我们今天决定收集的东西，我们决定保护的东西... 将对未来我们的形象产生重大影响”
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