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1. These tools can help you win every argument- not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people， learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. （2019英语一新题型）
主语：These tools
谓语：can help
宾语：you
宾补：win every argument
状语：not in the unhelpful sense of… but in the better sense of…
状语中：and并列learning about … ， learning… and learning …
其中that divide people 为定语从句修饰issue；why they disagree with us为宾语从句
参考译文：
这些工具可以帮助你赢得每一场争论——不是在毫无帮助的意义上打败你的对手，而是在更好的意义上了解分裂人们的问题，了解他们为什么不同意我们，学习与他们交谈和合作。
2. If we readjust our view of arguments-from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect, and understanding-then we change the very nature of what it means to "win" an argument.（2019英语一新题型）
主句：we change the very nature of what it means to "win" an argument；
其中what it means to "win" an argument为宾语从句；
from a verbal fight … to a reasoned …and understanding为介词短语作状语修饰readjust
条件状语从句：If we readjust our view … and understanding;
其中through which we all gain mutual respect, and understanding为定语从句修饰a reasoned exchange
参考译文：
如果我们把对争论的看法从口头斗争或网球比赛调整为理性的交流，通过这种交流我们都能获得相互尊重和理解，那么我们就改变了“赢得”争论的本质。
3. A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves. （2019英语一新题型）
But并列句子1 A large part… bad arguments和句子2 we also need to … critical standards to ourselves
句子1
主语：A large part of evaluation 谓语：is calling out 宾语：bad arguments
句子2
主语：we 谓语：also need to admit and to apply… to… 宾语1：good arguments; 宾语2：the same critical standards 和 ourselves；by opponents介词短语作定语修饰 good arguments
参考译文：
评估的很大一部分是挑出不好的论据，但我们也需要承认对手的好论据，并对自己适用同样的批评标准。
4. Next time you state your position, formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. （2019英语一新题型）
时间状语：Next time
主语：you
谓语并列：state，formulate and honestly ask
宾语1：your position；宾语2 ：an argument；宾语3：yourself
for what you claim为定语从句修饰argument
whether your argument is any good为宾语从句
参考译文：
下次当你陈述你的立场时，为你的主张制定一个论点，并诚实地问自己你的论点是否正确。
5. This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives- and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.  （2019英语一新题型）
But并列句子1 This aversion to arguments is common和句子2 it depends on a mistaken view of arguments
that causes profound problems … the point of arguing in the first place为定语从句修饰a mistaken view of arguments
参考译文：
这种对争论的厌恶是常见的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来深刻的问题——而且在许多方面，它从一开始就忽略了争论的意义考研实用工具推荐
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