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v 四级2021.6.2-Passage One
Success was once defined as being able to stay at a company for a long time and move up the corporate ladder. The goal was to reach the top, accumulate wealth and retire to a life of ease. My father is a successful senior executive. In 35 years, he worked for only three companies.
When I started my career, things were already different. If you weren’t changing companies every three or four years, you simply weren’t getting ahead in your career. But back then, if you were a consultant or freelancer (自由职业者), people would wonder what was wrong with you. They would assume you had problems getting a job.
Today, consulting or freelancing for five businesses at the same time is a badge of honor. It shows how valuable an individual is. Many companies now look to these “ultimate professionals” to solve problems their full-time teams can’t. Or they save money by hiring “top-tier (顶尖的) experts” only for particular projects.
Working at home or in cafes, starting businesses of their own, and even launching business ventures that eventually may fail, all indicate “initiative”, “creativity” , and “adaptability”, which are desirable qualities in today’s workplace. Most important, there is a growing recognition that people who balance work and play, and who work at what they are passionate about, are more focused and productive, delivering greater value to their clients.
Who are these people? They are artists, writers, programmers, providers of office services and career advice. What’s needed now is a marketplace platform specifically designed to bring freelancers and-clients together. Such platforms then become a place to feature the most experienced, professional, and creative talent. This is where they conduct business, where a sense of community reinforces the culture and values of the gig economy (零工经济), and where success is rewarded with good reviews that encourage more business.
Slowly but surely, these platforms create a bridge between traditional enterprises and this emerging economy. Perhaps more important, as the global economy continues to be disrupted by technology and other massive change, the gig economy will itself become an engine of economic and social transformation.
51. What does the author use the example of his father to illustrate?
A) How long people took to reach the top of their career.
B) How people accumulated wealth in his father’s time.
C) How people viewed success in his father’s time.
D) How long people usually stayed in a company.
52. Why did people often change jobs when the author started his career?
A) It was considered a fashion at that time.
B) It was a way to advance in their career.
C) It was a response to the changing job market.
D) It was difficult to keep a job for long.
53. What does the author say about people now working for several businesses at the same time?
A) They are often regarded as most treasured talents.
B) They are able to bring their potential into fuller play.
C) They have control over their life and work schedules.
D) They feel proud of being outstanding problem solver.
54. What have businesses come to recognize now?
A) Who is capable of solving problems with ease.
B) How people can be more focused and productive.
C) What kind of people can contribute more to them.
D) Why some people are more passionate about work.
55. What does the author say about the gig economy?
A) It may force companies to reform their business practice.
B) It may soon replace the traditional economic model.
C) It will drive technological progress on a global scale.
D) It will bring about radical economic and social changes.
【解析】
46. 【正确选项】B)项。根据“首题找首段”原则与题干关键词Harvard scientists 和50 years ago定位至首段第2句，该句指出：哈佛科学家的研究将焦点从糖在心脏病中的作用转移，并将焦点直接放在膳食脂肪上。B)项与原文意思相符。其中shifted the focus away from...to...与B)项的turn attention away from...to...是同义替换。
47. 【正确选项】D)项。本题根据题干关键词Marion Nestle和present-day nutrition studies定位至第2段第3句，其中Roughly 90% of与D)项的Nearly all of them，favor the sponsor’s interest与serve the purpose of the funders是同义表述。
48. 【正确选项】A)项。根据题干关键词Coca-Cola-funded studies，可定位至第4段首句。首句指出：人们应该多注意运动，少注意饮食，A)项是该句的同义转述。故选A)项。
49. 【正确选项】C)项。根据题干关键词Liebman以及industry-funded research可定位至第4段前两话。按照定位两句优先后句解题的原则，优先看第2句话解题，该句指出：当食品行业为研究付费时，通常会得到应有的回报。它所付出的往往是亲行业的发现。即研究会偏向于食品行业，不具备客观性。C)项它很少导致客观的发现与该句语义一致。
50. 【正确选项】D)项。根据题干关键词 consumers可定位至第6段首句。该句指出：鉴于这种环境，消费者在阅读营养科学的最新发现时应该持怀疑态度，并忽略在您的新闻中弹出的最新研究。D)项“对新的营养研究结果三思而后行”是对该句的同义转述。
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