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2022考研初试考场查询系统  

在考研英语备考中，遇到长难句，第一步应该去找出句子主干，先从谓语动词着手，再找出主干的主语，宾语或表语。对于剩下的修饰成分一一进行分析，判断翻译时是否需要调整语序。
例1：Countries are looking at such “extended producer responsibility” programs, which can include taxes on new products that do not have a certain percentage of recycled plastic, along with having producers pay toward the costs of collecting and recycling their products.
【主干】Countries are looking at such “extended producer responsibility” programs.
【修饰成分】which can include taxes on new products that do not have a certain percentage of recycled plastic, along with having producers pay toward the costs of collecting and recycling their products 为定语从句，修饰前面的“extended producer responsibility” programs。其中that do not have a certain percentage of recycled plastic  that在从句中做主语，为定语从句，修饰前面的new products，翻译时可以放到名词前面，译为“可回收塑料占比不达标的新产品”。 along with为并列连词，和前面的taxes on new products相并列，都是include包含的内容。
【翻译】各国正在考虑“生产者责任延伸计划”，其中包括对可回收塑料占比不达标的新产品征税，同时要求生产商支付收集和回收产品的成本。 
例2: However, what we need are comprehensive solutions, not just BandAids that cover up the symptoms but ignore the roots of the plastic problem.
【主干】 what we need are comprehensive solutions。
【修饰成分】 what we need are comprehensive solutions,在主干中what we need引导的是主语从句。在not just BandAids that cover up the symptoms but ignore the roots of the plastic problem中， not just BandAids为同位语，解释说明前面的名词comprehensive solutions。that cover up the symptoms but ignore the roots of the plastic problem为that引导的定语从句，that在从句中做主语，修饰前面的BandAids “权宜之计”，这部分译为能够掩盖症状而忽略塑料问题根源的权宜之计。
【翻译】然而，我们需要的是全面的解决方案，而不仅仅是能够掩盖症状而忽略塑料问题根源的权宜之计。
例3：New figures from the Office for National Statistics show that the birth rate in England and Wales has fallen to a record low, and that the overall fertility rate for women of childbearing age has dropped to 1.7 children.
【主干】New figures show +2个that宾语从句
【修饰成分】from the Office for National Statistics介词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的New figures，译为“英国国家统计局的最新数据”。 and并列两个that从句，两个that从句在句中都是show的宾语从句，在第一个that宾语从句中，in England and Wales为介词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的the birth rate，译为“英格兰和威尔士的出生率”。在第二个that从句中，for women of childbearing age为介词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的the overall fertility rate，译为“育龄妇女的总生育率”。
【翻译】英国国家统计局的最新数据显示，英格兰和威尔士的出生率已跌至历史新低，而且育龄妇女的总生育率已降至平均每位妇女生产 1.7 个孩子。  
考研实用工具推荐
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