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Passage One
Vegetarians would prefer not to be compelled to eat meat. Yet the reverse compulsion (强迫) is hidden in the proposals for a new plant-based “planetary diet.” Nowhere is this more visible than in India.
素食者宁愿不被强迫吃肉。然而，反向强迫就隐藏在新的植物性“行星饮食”的提案中。这在印度最为明显。
Earlier this year, the EAT Lancet Commission released its global report on nutrition and called for a global shift to a more plant-based diet and for “substantially reducing consumption of animal source foods.” In countries like India, that call could become a tool to aggravate an already tense political situation and stress already undernourished populations.
今年早些时候，EAT Lancet委员会发布了其全球营养报告，并呼吁全球向以植物为基础的饮食转变，并“大幅减少动物源食品的消费”。在像印度这样的国家，这一呼吁可能成为加剧本已紧张的政治局势和给本已营养不良的人口带来压力的工具。
The EAT report presumes that “traditional diets” in countries like India include little red meat, which might be consumed only on special occasions or as minor ingredients in mixed dishes.
EAT报告假定，印度等国家的“传统饮食”很少包含红色肉类（牛羊肉），红肉可能仅在特殊场合食用，或作为混合菜肴中的次要成分食用。
In India, however, there is a vast difference between what people would wish to consume and what they have to consume because of innumerable barriers around class, religion, culture, cost, geography, etc. Policymakers in India have traditionally pushed for a cereal-heavy “vegetarian diet” on a meat-eating population as a way of providing the cheapest sources of food.
然而，在印度，由于阶级、宗教、文化、成本、地理等方面的无数障碍，人们希望消费的东西和他们必须消费的东西之间存在巨大差异。印度的政策制定者历来推动对肉食人群实行以谷物为主的“素食饮食”，以此作为提供最廉价食物来源的一种方式。
Currently, under an aggressive Hindu nationalist government, Muslims, Christians, disadvantaged classes and indigenous communities are being compelled to give up their traditional foods.
目前，在激进的印度教民族主义政府的领导下，穆斯林、基督徒、弱势阶级和土著社区被迫放弃他们的传统食物。
None of these concerns seem to have been appreciated by the EAT-Lancet Commission’s representative, Brent Loken, who said “India has got such a great example” in sourcing protein from plants.
EAT-Lancet委员会的代表Brent Loken似乎并没有意识到这些担忧，他说“在从植物中获取蛋白质方面，印度有先例可循”。
But how much of a model for the world is India’s vegetarianism? In the Global Hunger Index 2019, the country ranks 102nd out of 117. Data from the National Family Health Survey indicate that only 10 percent of infants of 6 to 23 months are adequately fed.
但印度的素食主义在多大程度上是世界的典范？在 2019 年全球饥饿指数中，该国在 117 个国家中排名第 102 位。 来自全国家庭健康调查的数据表明，只有 10% 的 6 至 23 个月大的婴儿得到充足的喂养。
Which is why calls for a plant-based diet modeled on India risk offering another whip with which to beat already vulnerable communities in developing countries.
这就是为什么呼吁以印度为代表的以植物为基础的饮食有可能提供另一个武器来击败发展中国家已经脆弱的区域。
A diet directed at the affluent West fails to recognize that in low-income countries undernourished children are known to benefit from the consumption of milk and other animal source foods, improving cognitive functions, while reducing the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies as well as mortality.
众所周知，以富裕的西方世界为导向的饮食未能认识到，在低收入国家，营养不足的儿童可以通过食用牛奶和其他动物源食品受益，改善认知功能，同时降低营养缺乏的发生率和死亡率。
EAT-Lancet claimed its intention was to “spark conversations” among all Indian stakeholders. Yet vocal critics of the food processing industry and food fortification strategies have been left out of the debate. But the most conspicuous omission may well be the absence of India’s farmers.
EAT-Lancet声称它打算在所有印度利益相关者之间“引发对话”。然而，对食品加工业和食品强化策略的直言不讳的批评已被排除在辩论之外。但最明显的遗漏很可能是印度农民的缺席。
The government, however, seems to have given the report a thumbs-up. Rather than addressing chronic hunger and malnutrition through an improved access to wholesome and nutrient-dense foods, the government is opening the door for company-dependent solutions, ignoring the environmental and economic cost, which will destroy local food systems. It’s a model full of danger for future generations.
然而，政府似乎很赞同这份报告。政府并没有通过改善获取有益健康和营养丰富的食物来解决长期饥饿和营养不良问题，反而为依赖公司的解决方案敞开了大门，无视环境和经济成本，这将破坏当地的粮食系统。这是一个对子孙后代充满危险的做法。考研实用工具推荐
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