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在解题之前,我们首先需要识别例证题。什么叫例证题呢?简单来说,就是用例子来证明观点,考察的是论点与论据之间的关系。那么题干的问法就可以是有如下几种:
1) The author cites the example of.....to demonstrate that
2) The case of......is used to show that
3) Why does the author use the story of....?
所以题干中会涉及到我们的关键词,比如说story/case/example,show/demonstrate/illustrate,前三个是例子,后三个是证明,这就是用例子来证明观点的题干表达。
识别出例证题,那么解题思路怎么处理呢?我们需要知道,例证题核心或者答案在于作者证明的观点,所以我们要找的答案是例子对应的观点句。而西方人的写作思维习惯是先说论点,后说论据。所以我们在找观点句的时候一定要在例子前面找。以下一道考研试题讲解具体解题思路:
Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
57. The author uses the example of caner patients to show that ________.
[A] medical resources are often wasted
[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases
[C] some treatments are too aggressive(A)
[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable
首先我们分析题干,作者用癌症病人的例子来表面,四川研究生招生信息网出现了我们的关键词example,show,所以这个就是例证题。所以我们的答案应该是这个例子的观点句,一般在例子前面,可是例子前面有那么多句话,到底是哪一句话呢?大多数情况下,都是例子前面一句话,所以这个观点句我们就定位到了Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless。稍微理解一下,受到第三方支付者的保护而免于治疗费用,我们需要每件事都尽可能为我们做到,即使没有什么用处,那么这句话对应我们选项中的A选项,医疗资源被浪费了,对应的是该句中even if it is useless的信息。我们再看其他几个干扰项信息,B选项的fatal diseases,C选项的aggressive treatment都是出现在例子里面的信息。而例证题的答案应该是观点句,而不会是例子里面的信息,因为我们是用例子证明观点,而不是用例子证明例子。
以上分析,给同学们总结出的是例证题的识别形式,解题答案思路以及干扰项分析,四川研究生招生信息网希望同学们能掌握例证题的解题过程,增加阅读的解题能力。
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