
1. Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. (2022年英语二阅读理解text 4)
结构划分:① Although ethics classes are common around the world
② scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior
③ evidence either way is weak
④ relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports
重点词汇:
ethic n. 伦理学;道德准则
common n. 常见的
evidence n. 证据; 依据
weak adj. 虚弱的,站不住脚的
contrived adj. 虚假人为的
laboratory n. 实验室
self-report n. 自我报告
语法分析:本句为由标点符号“;”并列的一个并列句,分号前的主干为:scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior, 意思是:“科学家们不确定他们的课程是否真的能改变行为”;除此之外,分号前的句子还包含一个让步状语从句:Although ethics classes are common around the world,意思是:“尽管伦理课程在世界各地都很普遍”。分号后面的句子主干是:evidence either way is weak,意思是:“这两种态度的证据都站不住脚”。最后由动名词短语relying on引导的部分是后置定语,修饰前面主干里的“evidence”,意思是:它们依赖于人为的实验室测试,有时也依赖于不可靠的自我报告
参考译文:尽管伦理课程在世界各地都很普遍,但科学家们不确定它们是否真的能改变人们的行为;这两种态度的证据都站不住脚,它们依赖于人为的实验室测试,有时也依赖于不可靠的自我报告。
1. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons:students’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. (2022年英语二阅读理解text 4)
结构划分:①They chose this particular behavior for three reasons
②students’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable
③behavior is easily measurable
④and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good
⑤because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering
重点单词:
choose v. 选择
particular adj. 特殊的
variable adj. 多变的;
unstable adj. 不稳定的;
measurable adj. 显著的,可测量的;
suffering n. 痛苦
语法分析:本句中,They chose this particular behavior for three reasons是句子主干,冒号后,是一个由并列连词and并列了三个简单句的并列句,解释说明三个原因是什么;第一个并列句是:students’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable,意思是“学生们对这个话题的态度是多变的、不稳定的”。第二个并列的句子是:behavior is easily measurable,意思是:“行为是容易衡量的”。第三个并列的句子是:ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good,意思是“伦理文献很大程度上认为少吃肉是好的”;句子最后面的“because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering”是一个状语从句,用来描述前面句子的原因,意思是“因为这样减少了对环境的伤害和动物的痛苦”。
参考译文:出于三个原因,他们选择了这种特殊的行为:学生们对这个话题的态度是多变的、不稳定的,行为是容易衡量的,伦理文献很大程度上认为少吃肉是好的,因为这样减少了对环境的伤害和动物的痛苦。
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