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v 四级2021.12.2-仔细阅读第一篇
With obesity now affecting 29% of the population in England, and expected to rise to 35% by 2030, should we now recognise it as a disease? Obesity, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be adversely affected, meets the dictionary definition of disease, argues Professor John Wilding. He points out that more than 200 genes influence weight. “Thus body weight is strongly influenced by biology—it is not an individual’s fault if they develop obesity.” Yet the widespread view is that obesity is self-induced and that it is entirely the individual’s responsibility to do something about it. Recognising obesity as a chronic disease with severe complications rather than a lifestyle choice “should help reduce the stigma (耻辱) and discrimination experienced by many people with obesity,” he adds.
Professor Wilding disagrees that labelling a high proportion of the population as having a disease removes personal responsibility or may overwhelm health services, pointing out that other common diseases, such as high blood pressure and diabetes, require people to take action to manage their condition. He suggests that most people with obesity will eventually develop complications. “But unless we accept that obesity is a disease, we are not going to be able to tackle it,” he concludes.
But Dr. Richard Pile, a physician with a special interest in diabetes, argues that adopting this approach “could actually result in worse outcomes for individuals and society.” He believes that the dictionary definition of disease “is so vague that we can classify almost anything as a disease” and says the question is not whether we can, but whether we should, and to what end.
If labelling obesity as a disease was harmless then it wouldn’t really matter, he writes. But labelling obesity as a disease “risks reducing autonomy, disempowering and robbing people of the intrinsic (内在的) motivation that is such an important enabler of change.” What’s more, making obesity a disease “may not benefit patients, but it will benefit healthcare providers and the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry when health insurance and clinical guidelines promote treatment with drugs and surgery,” he warns.
46. What does Professor John Wilding argue about obesity?
A) Its impact on society is expected to rise.
B) It is now too widespread to be neglected.
C) It should be regarded as a genetic disease.
D) Its dictionary definition should be updated.
47. What is the popular view of obesity?
A) It is difficult to define.
B) It is a modern disease.
C) It has much to do with one’s genes.
D) It results from a lack of self-control.
48. Why are some people opposed to labelling obesity as a disease?
A) Obese people would not feel responsible to take any action.
B) Obese people would not be able to afford the medical costs.
C) Obese people would be overwhelmed with anxiety.
D) Obese people would be discriminated against.
49. What does Dr. Richard Pile think of the dictionary definition of disease?
A) It is of no use in understanding obesity.
B) It is too inclusive and thus lacks clarity.
C) It helps little to solve patients’ problems.
D) It matters little to the debate over obesity.
50. What is Dr. Richard Pile’s concern about classifying obesity as a disease?
A) It may affect obese people’s quality of life.
B) It may accelerate the spread of obesity.
C) It may cause a shortage of doctors.
D) It may do little good to patients.
【解析】
46. C)项意为它应该被视为一种基因疾病。根据题干关键词：feelProfessor John Wilding, obesity，定位到首段, 末句指出：认识到肥胖是一种伴有严重并发症的慢性疾病，而不是一种生活方式的选择，应该有助于减少许多肥胖者所经历的耻辱（耻辱）和歧视。这与C)项语义相符。其中recognize...as与B)项的regard...as同义替换。
47. D)项意为它源于自制力的缺乏。根据题干关键词：popular view of obesity，定位到首段的第五句话：然而，普遍的观点是，肥胖是自我诱导的，对此采取行动完全是个人的责任。表明肥胖是由于自制力的缺失。
48. A)项意为肥胖的人不会觉得有责任采取任何行动。根据题干关键词：opposed to labeling obesity as a disease，定位到第2段的首句：将高比例人口标记为患有疾病会消除个人责任，与B)项语义一致。
49. B)项意为它过于包容，因此缺乏清晰度。根据题干关键词：Dr. Richard Pile和dictionary definition of disease，定位到第3段的第二句话。该句指出，Dr. Richard认为，字典的定义是如此模糊，以至于我们几乎可以将任何东西归类为疾病。
50. D)项意为它对病人可能并没有什么好处。根据题文同序的原则以及题干的关键词，定位到末段的第二句和第三句，其中第三句指出：把肥胖定义为一种疾病不会让病人受益，这与D)项语义一致。

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