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v 2021.12.2-四级篇章听力篇
Section C
v Passage One
v 听力原文
[16]A new study carried out by the University of Lincoln has found a link between the personalities of cat owners and the behaviour and wellbeing of their cats. The findings suggest that just as a parent’s personality can affect the personality of a child, the same is true for a cat and its owner.
Owners—defined as individuals with high levels of anxiety, fear, anger, depression, and loneliness—were more likely to have cats with behavioural issues.
Such cats displayed more aggressive and anxious behavioural styles as well as more stress-related sickness. They were also more likely to have an ongoing medical condition and be overweight.
The research also found that mentally well-adjusted owners had calmer, happier and healthier cats. The researchers explained that“Many owners regard their pets as a family member, and form close social bonds with them.”[17]The majority of owners want to provide the best care for their pets and it is therefore possible that pets could be affected by the way their owners interact with and manage them. The study highlights an important relationship between our personalities and the wellbeing of our pets.[18] Further research is needed to investigate the causal nature of this relationship, and to look at how owners’ personalities are directly influencing their pets’behaviour and wellbeing.
It is possible that the wellbeing of pets is driven by the underlying nature of the owner, not simply by their conscious decisions and behaviours.
Question 16: What do we learn from the new study by University of Lincoln?
Question 17: What does the passage say most pet owners want to do?
Question 18: What does the passage say is still needed to understand the effects of owners’personalities on their pets?
【解析】
16. A)项意为：主人的个性会影响猫的行为和幸福感。本题是篇章的第一句话命题，其中personalities， owners和the behaviour and wellbeing of their cats是完全的原词复现。
17. B)项意为：给宠物提供最好的治疗。本题考察的是完全的原词复现。
18. D)项意为：进一步的调查。本题按照题文同序的原则，在篇章的最后命题，其中further是原词复现, investigation与音频原文的research是同义替换。
 
Passage Two
v 听力原文
“One 60-minute run can add 7 hours to your life.” This was a claim made by The Times last week. The claim was based on a new review of studies about the effects of running. [19] The review concluded that on average runners live 3 years longer than non-runners and that running does more to extend life than any other form of exercise. But there’s more to running than its health benefits. [20] Research published in recent years has shown that running changes your brain and mind in some fascinating ways, from increasing your brain function to regulating your emotions. However, the precise effects vary according to whether you engage in short, fast running or long-distance running.
For example, in one study, researchers compared participants’ ability to learn new words after several minutes of intense running and after 40 minutes of gentle running. Participants were able to learn 20% faster after the intense running and they showed a superior memory when tested again a week later.
In another study, researchers asked volunteers to jog for 30 minutes and then showed them clips from a sad movie. Participants who usually struggled to handle negative emotions were more intensely affected by the sad clips, just as you’d expect. But crucially, this was less so if they had completed the 30-minutes jog. [21]The researchers said moderate exercise appears to have helped those participants to be less vulnerable to the impact of the sad movie.
Question 19: What did the new review of studies claim?
Question 20: What is one effect that running has on people according to recent research?
Question 21: What did another study find about the participants after they had a 30-minute jog?
【解析】
19. B)项意为：跑步是延长生命的最好的锻炼方式。本题是在篇章的开篇命题，针对于研究结论的考察。其中B)项与音频原文的running does more to extend life语义一致。
20. A)项意为：改善大脑功能。其中A)项的brain和function是原词复现, improve与音频原文的increase是同义替换。
21. D)项意为：悲情电影很少会影响到他们。本题按照题文同序的原则，在篇章的最后命题。音频原文提出“those participants to be less vulnerable to the impact of the sad movie”与D)项同义表述。
 
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