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1. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values. （2015年英语一新题型）
原因状语从句：because readers from…texts
其中主语readers；介词短语from different historical periods, places and social experiences作定语修饰readers；谓语produce；宾语different but overlapping readings；介词短语of the same words… for texts修饰宾语
定语从句：that engage with fundamental human concerns修饰texts
主句：debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values
其中about texts为介词短语修饰debates；in social discussion of beliefs and values为介词短语修饰谓语V-can play
参考译文：
正是因为来自不同历史时期、地点和社会经验的读者对页面上的相同单词产生了不同但重叠的阅读，包括涉及基本人类关切的文本，所以关于文本的辩论可以在信仰和价值观的社会讨论中发挥重要作用。
2. Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others. （2015年英语一新题型）
主语：Factors
同位语：such as the place and period, our gender ethnicity, age and social class修饰factors
其中in which we are reading为定语从句修饰the place and period
谓语：will encourage； but obscure or even close off
宾语：us；others
宾补：towards certain interpretation
介词短语at the same time作状语修饰obscure or even close off
参考译文：
我们阅读的地点和时间、性别、种族、年龄和社会阶层等因素会鼓励我们进行某种解读，但同时会模糊甚至封闭其他解读。
 
3. You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible. （2015年英语一新题型）
主语：you
谓语：make
宾语：further inferences
介词短语作定语修饰further inferences：about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity；其中包含宾语从句how the test may be significant to you
同位语：inferences
定语从句修饰inferences：that form the basis of a personal response
定语从句修饰inferences：for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible
参考译文：
例如，您可以进行进一步的关于测试对您的重要性，或其有效性的推断，这些推断构成了个人反应的基础，作者将不可避免地对此承担较少的责任。
4. In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts. （2015年英语一新题型）
介词短语作状语修饰句子：In plays，novels and narrative poems
主语：characters
谓语：speak
介词短语作状语修饰谓语：as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts
参考译文：
在戏剧、小说和叙事诗中，角色作为作者创造的结构说话，而不一定是作者自己思想的喉舌。
 
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