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1. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. (2017年英语一阅读理解text2)
结构划分：① A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence
② as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation 
③ of what was once a sovereign nation
重点词汇：
vocal  a. 直言不讳的
environmentalist  n. 环保主义者
disrespect  n. 不尊敬
occupation  n. 占领
sovereign  a. 有主权的
语法分析：句子主干为A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists（主语） have long viewed （谓语）their presence as disrespect and a painful reminder（宾语）(view A as B结构），修饰部分包含：for sacred land介词短语修饰disrespect，of the occupation介词短语修饰reminder，of what was once a sovereign nation介词短语修饰occupation，其中what引导从句作of的宾语，在此出现了A of B of C结构，需要倒译为C的B的A)
参考译文：一小部分直言不讳的夏威夷人和环保主义者一直以来都把它们（天文望远镜)的存在看作对神圣土地的不尊重以及夏威夷曾经是个主权国家但已被占领的痛苦提醒。
2. The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts", or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties. (2017年英语一阅读理解text4)
结构划分：
① The high court's decision said
 ② the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury
③ or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.
重点单词：
judge  n. 法官  
jury  n. 陪审团  
governor  n. 州长 
unsettled  a. 未解决的   
语法分析：本句主干为The high court's decision said（主谓结构，后边出现省略that的宾语从句），这个从句里的主干是the judge failed to tell a jury that；tell后边跟双宾语，间接宾语是a jury，直接宾语是that从句。修饰部分：in Mr. McDonnell's trial 为介词短语作后置定语修饰judge，on "specific" and "unsettled" issues为介词短语作后置定语修饰decisions, related to his duties为形容词短语作后置定语修饰issues。
参考译文：最高法院的判决认为，在麦克斯唐纳德案件中，法官并未告知陪审团必须只关注他的“公务行为”，或者只对这位前州长在职责范围内“特定”并且“未解决的”决定进行判决。
3. Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.（2014年英语一翻译）
结构划分：
① Especially significant was his view of freedom
② which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual
③ he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression
重点单词：
significant  a. 重要的，显著的  
advocate  v. 主张  
expression  n. 表达
be associated with  与…有关   
语法分析：本句为完全倒装（表系主结构），主句的主干是his view of freedom was especially significant。which引导定语从句which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual修饰freedom，其中which在定语从句中作主语，for him相当于状语，the rights and responsibilities of the individual呈现的是A1 and A2 of B的结构，翻译为B的A1和A2。冒号后对于定语从句进行解释说明，freedom of thought and of personal expression呈现的是A of B1 and of B2，翻译为B1的A和B2的A。
参考译文：尤为重要的是他对于自由的看法，他认为，这种自由是与个人的权利和责任联系起来的：他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。
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