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在考研英语中,遇到长难句,第一步应该去找出句子主干,再找修饰成分,分别判断作什么成分,以及考虑翻译时要不要调整句子语序即可。例1:The problem of plastic pollution has gotten dramatically worse as production has surged without much thought to what happens once it is discarded.
【主干】The problem of plastic pollution has gotten dramatically worse.
【修饰成分】 as production has surged 为原因状语从句,由前后意思可知as在此处为“因为”。 without much thought to what happens once it is discarded为without引导的原因状语,在句中without翻译为“因为”, 且句中what happens为宾语从句,once it is discarded为条件状语从句。
【翻译】由于塑料制品产量的激增以及没有过多考虑它们被丢弃后会带来的后果,塑料污染问题已经急剧恶化。
例2: Although some of these rules have reduced waste in places, they do not directly address production and can send users to alternatives that are not much friendlier to the environment.
【主干】 they do not directly address production and can send users to alternatives。
【修饰成分】 Although some of these rules have reduced waste in places 为条件状语从句, 修饰主句,所以翻译时应该先翻译状语从句。在主句中,do not directly address和can send为and并列的两个谓语动词。另外,that are not much friendlier to the environment为定语从句,属于名词alternatives后面加that从句,that在从句中作成分,做主语,所以为定语从句,修饰alternatives。翻译时,可以将定语从句前置到alternatives前面,则这部分翻译为“对环境也友好不到哪去的替代产品”。
【翻译】尽管其中一些规定帮助减少了某些地区的塑料垃圾产生, 但它们并没有直接解决塑料制品的生产问题,并可能导致使用者选择对环境也友好不到哪去的替代产品。
例3:Doing that means tackling two broad goals: considerably reducing the amount of plastic we produce and improving the recycling and reuse of what we make.
【主干】Doing that means tackling two broad goals
【修饰成分】considerably reducing the amount of plastic we produce and improving the recycling and reuse of what we make 是由and所并列的两个同位语,解释说明前面的two broad goals,其中we produce 为省略that 的定语从句,修饰前面的plastic,则翻译为“我们生产的塑料”。并且what we make在句子中作定语,修饰前面的recycling and reuse,则这一部分翻译为“我们生产的产品的回收和再利用”
【翻译】这意味着要实现两大目标:大大减少我们生产的塑料量,并提高对我们生产的产品的回收和再利用能力。
例4:With the U.S. local authorities responsible for an overwhelmed recycling system turning to landfills and incinerators, those options can have other environmental impacts and perpetuate the creation of virgin plastic from fossil fuels.
【主干】those options can have other environmental impacts and perpetuate the creation
【修饰成分】With the U.S. local authorities responsible for an overwhelmed recycling system turning to landfills and incinerators为伴随状语,修饰主句,属于with +n+v-ing短语。其中responsible for an overwhelmed recycling system为形容词短语修饰前面的the U.S. local authorities,则翻译为“负责管理不堪重负的回收系统的美国地方政府”。且主句中from fossil fuels为介词短语修饰virgin plastic,翻译为“化石燃料生产的原生塑料”。
【翻译】由于负责管理不堪重负的回收系统的美国地方政府转向使用垃圾填埋场和焚烧炉,这些选择可能会对环境产生其他影响,并使采用化石燃料生产的原生塑料永久化(不可降解)。考研实用工具推荐
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