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四级仔细阅读解题方法
面对大学英语四六级考试，很多同学望而却步。最近，在某学院针对大二大三的同学进行英语等级考试情况的调查显示，约32%的同学参加过大学英语四六级考试，约5%的同学通过大学英语四级考试，而通过大学英语六级考试的同学不到1%，过关率极低。追根溯源，了解了133个调查对象的实际情况，发现大家的英语基础确实薄弱。更令人惊讶的是，英语专业的几个同学，英语并不比非英语专业的同学好。针对这种情况，给学员做了一场四级阅读方法的讲座，在这里详细描述英语四级仔细阅读的解题方法，与诸君分享：
仔细阅读理解的特征：考查2篇文章，每篇文章约300-400词 ，每篇文章后有5道题，共10道题。
仔细阅读理解的考查能力：理解明示、隐含信息的能力，运用句间关系的能力和运用阅读策略的能力。以第一种能力的考查为主，包括理解主旨大意，     理解细节信息和理解作者表达的观点、态度等能力。
具体题干考查形式如：
1. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
2. What does the author mean （Line 4, para 7） “there is no silver bullet”?
3. What can we infer from the passage?
解题步骤：
1. 标段落序号；
2. 通读题干，预判文章中心 ； 
3. 根据细节服从中心的原则，预判部分题的答案 ；  
4. 逐一解决第3步无法解决的题的答案。
备注：预判文章中心的方法：
1. 把文章中带有汉语释义的单词串联成一句话；
2. 找题干中反复出2次及以上的普通表达—文章中心词；
3. 通过首段首句、末句或末段确定中心。
以2018年12月份的四级考试为例：
1.California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices,water deeper than this can now be extracted(抽取). The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers (地下蓄水层) below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.
2.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep is the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.
3.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating (脱盐) the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.
4.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost, Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.
46.How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?    
A) By building more reserves of groundwater.    
B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.    
C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.    
D) By upgrading its water distribution system.    
47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?    
A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.    
B) It was not considered worth the expense.    
C) It may not provide quality freshwater.    
D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.    
48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?    
A) The sinking of land surface.   
B) The harm to the ecosystem. 
C) The damage to aquifers.   
D) The change of the climate.    
49. What does the author say about deep wells?    
A) They run without any need for repairs.    
B) They are entirely free from pollutants.    
C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.    
D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.    
50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?    
A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.    
B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.    
C) The cost may go up due to desalination.    
D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.

解题步骤：
1.标段落序号：4段；
2.通读题干，预判文章中心：extracting water，deep aquifers，deep underground
deep wells；或把第一段给定的中文连在一起：
3.根据细节服从中心的原则解题：46—B;
4.逐一阅读其他题解题：47,48题干很相似，根据extracting water from deep aquifers及文章定位在第二段，结合47的选项只有B出现二段二句中的词；48的A 选项出现二段三、四句中的单词；49题根据deep wells位于第三段最后一句，只有D选项意思对等；50题三、四段均出现重复的词desalination，故选择C.
根据上面的例题，我们课根据题干中重复出现的表达来解题，也可根据文中的中文提示词来进行解题。而对于其他无法用细节服从中心解题的题，我们将在下一期为大家详细解说。
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