2020考研英语长难句10大句型解析汇总

5. only置于句首。
Only in this way can we make a difference .
6. as / though引导让步状语从句。
Rich as he is , he spends a cent on charity .
Try as / though he does , he never seems able to get a high score in the exams .
7. 在虚拟条件句中，连词if省略时，即将were , had , should等词提到句首。
Were I you , I would take this chance .
Should he come tomorrow , he would help us to settle the problem .
二、试题举例
Odd though it sounds , cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics , and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
【重点词汇解析】plausible，adj. 貌似可信的;consequence，n. 结果、推论;astrophysicist，n. 天体物理学家
【参考翻译】尽管它听起来很奇怪，宇宙膨胀说是在基础粒子物理学中的一些公认的观点在科学上貌似可信的推论，并且很多天体物理学家在近十年中已经相信这种理论是真实的。
并列句型
一、理论常识
由并列连词连接、含有两个或更多主谓结构的句子叫并列句。
表示转折对比关系的并列连词
1. but
2. yet 但是;尽管如此
3. while 而，但是，可是，却
表示因果关系的并列连词
1. for 因为
2. so 因此
表示选择关系的连词
or
表示并列关系的并列连词
1. and 和，同，与，又，并且
2. not only ... but also ... 不仅……而且
3. neither ... nor ... 既不……也不
4. both ... and ... 既……又
其他并列连词
1. not ... but ... 不是……而是
2. rather than 而不是;与其……宁愿
3. when 正当那时，相当于and at that time
二、试题举例
例句1：
In the American economy , the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights , including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual .
【重点词汇解析】embrace，v. 拥抱、包含 n. 拥抱;productive，adj. 生产(性)的;contract，n. 合同 v. 订约
【参考翻译】在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体自由签定合同的权利。
例句2：
In addition , the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation .
【重点词汇解析】estimate，vi. 估计、估价 vt. 估计、评价 n. 估计、判断;patent，n. 专利权 vt. 授予专利
【参考翻译】另外，有的公司用来鉴定关系的计算机程序或许已经申请了专利保护，并不接受同行评审或外界的评估。
同位语从句
一、理论常识
同位语从句是对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。同位语从句的结构一定是先行词加引导词加上从句的构成，that并不是可以引导同位语从句的引导词，whether , why , who . 从句一定要具有完整的句子结构，主谓宾都必须齐，引导词不充当任何成分。
常见先行词：
belief , fact , hope , idea , doubt , news , rumor , conclusion , evidence ,suggestion , problem , order , answer , decision , discovery , explanation , information , knowledge , law , opinion , truth , promise , report , thought , statement , rule , possibility .
二、试题举例
例句1：
Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them . (2010,46)
【重点词汇解析】distinctly，adv. 明显地;eat up 吃光、耗尽
【参考翻译】科学家急忙用一些明显站不住脚的证据去营救，证据内容是如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的话，他们会把我们吃光。
例句2：
But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the media . (2007,48)
【重点词汇解析】profoundly，adv. 深刻地;rest on 依靠、信赖
【参考翻译】但是新闻记者必须比普通公民更深刻的理解法律，这种观点基/依赖于新闻媒体对惯例和特殊责任的理解。
例句3：
Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states , large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws .
【重点词汇解析】sovereign，n. 君主、独立国 adj. 有主权的;viable，adj. 可行的;integrate，v. (使……)成整体 adj. 整合的
【参考翻译】他们普遍认为新生的国家是拥有主权和完独立的国家，大到经济上可运行良好，并由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。
定语从句
一、理论常识
在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句。
结构：先行词+关系词(分为关系副词和关系代词)+从句
关系代词(that , who , which , whose , as)
关系副词(when , where , why , how)
定语从句分为限制性定语从句及非限制定语从句，限定从直接放在先行词后，非限定从与先行词之间要加逗号。
二、试题举例
例句1：
The Aswan Dam , for example , stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity .
【重点词汇解析】deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物;silt，n. 淤泥 v. (使)淤塞
【参考翻译】例如，阿斯旺大坝阻止了尼罗河的洪水侵袭，但是也夺去了埃及的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥---这一切换来的却是一个巨大的病态的水库，这个水库积满了淤泥，以至于几乎不能发电了。
例句2：
The second , by Joshua Greenberge , takes a more empirical approach to universality , identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages , which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints . (2012,49)
【重点词汇解析】empirical，adj. 经验主义的;result from 由……造成;cognitive，adj. 认知的
【参考翻译】第二个为此做出努力的人是约书亚·格林伯格，他采用经验主义的方法来研究普遍性，确认多种语言(尤其是语序方面的)共同特征，这些特征被认为是体现了由于认知局限性而带来的偏见。
例句3：
His function is analogous to that of a judge , who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision . (2006,47)
【重点词汇解析】analogous，adj. 类似的;reveal，vt. 揭露;reason，n. 理由 v. 推论
【参考翻译】他的职责类似于法官的职责，后者必须承担起这样的责任：用尽可能明显的方式来揭示让他做出决定的推理过程。
状语从句
一、理论常识
状语从句，属于副词性从句，简单说就是从句在句子中担任状语，分为时间、目的、地点、条件、方式、让步、比较、结果、原因9种状语从句。
时间引导词：
when , after , before , while , until , till , since , as soon as , everytime , the moment等
地点引导词：where , wherever等
原因引导词：because , since=now that , as等
条件引导词：
if , whether , unless , as long as ,on condition that , providing that等
结果引导词：so / such ... that , so等
目的引导词：in order that , so that等
让步引导词：
though , although , however , whatever=no matter what even if , even though , as (倒装) 等
方式引导词：as , as if等
比较引导词:
than , as ... as , the more ... , the more ... 等
二、试题举例
例句1：
While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role , informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development .
【重点词汇解析】transmit，vt. 传输、传播 vi. 传输、发射信号;(in)formal，adj. (非)正式的
【参考翻译】尽管正式的学习过程是由挑选出来担当此角色的教师来进行的，非正式的学习过程却是作为孩子成长的自然一部分而完成的。
例句2：
While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others , and thus lead to conflict , it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable , although competition is .
【重点词汇解析】territory，n. 领土、版图;expense，n. 代价、损失 vt. 向……收取费用;inevitable，adj. 不可避免的
【参考翻译】虽然这种竞争会引发以他人利益为代价的领土扩张行动，因此也会引发冲突，但却不能认为类似于战争的国家间的冲突不可避免，尽管竞争是不可避免的。
例句3：
While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed , this need not always be the case .
【重点词汇解析】favor，vt. 喜欢、赞成 n. 喜爱
【参考翻译】尽管迄今为止互联网似乎更加青睐国际社会中的发达领域，而非不太发达的领域，情形并不总是如此。
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